DESCRIPCION RÁPIDA DE LAS FAMILIAS DE COLEOPTEROS

"¿Que es un Coleóptero (Escarabajo)?" : Es un Artrópodo de la Clase Insecta y del Orden Coleóptero, es el orden mas grande de los Insectos, casi tanto como todos los demás juntos, existen mas de 400.000 especies catalogadas y se cree que faltan otros tantos sin catalogar, sobre todo en las selvas húmedas.  Descripcion rápida : tienen 6 patas articuladas, cuerpo dividido en 3 partes diferenciadas, boca masticadora, el primer par de alas transformadas en escudos quitinosos (elitros), antenas formadas por artejos, exoesqueleto endurecido y quitinoso, un par de patas en cada segmento del tórax y metamorfosis complicada.
Las principales Familias son:
Superorden Adephaga o Carnívoros:

Carabidae  Dytiscidae  Cicindelidae

Superorden Poliphaga u Omnívoros:

Hydrophilidae   Staphylinidae

 Coccinellidae     Dermestidae

Elateridae   Tenebrionidae

Cleridae    Cantharidae

Lucanidae   Cetonidae

En las próximas semanas detallaremos cada una por separado
   Fdº:  J. J. López

Superorden Adephaga o Carnívoros:
Superfamilia Caraboidea o Carabidos: Son los depredadores en version Escarabajos y cumplen una mision exencial en la naturaleza, controlar las poblaciones de insectos que forman plagas para los bosques, como la oruga de la procesionaria del pino, que estamos acostumbrados a verla colgando en las ramas de los pinos y a confundirla con nidos de arañas. Son tan eficaces en su labor que los hemos exportado a los Estados Unidos de America (a peticion de ellos) para que controlen las plagas de los bosques de forma natural , Ecologica y barata.
Curiosamante en Huelva estan al borde de la extincion y nadie se preocupa lo mas minimo, aunque nos cuesta mucho dinero a los contribuyentes controlar estas plagas; como los insecticidas no son buenos matando las orugas y dañinos para el ecosistema, se dedican a pegar tiros con cartuchos a los nidos colgantes como remedio mas eficaz y caro, ignorando por completo los recursos naturales de que dispone la naturaleza y que nos enseñan los "Americanos" comprando poblaciones de Calosomas reproducidas en criaderos Españoles (para hacer negocio) y tirandolo por otro lado al no aplicarlo en nuestro territorio, a la vez de protegerlos, curioso ¿no? .

Great Order Poliphaga or Omnivorous:
Less Order Bostrichiformia
Great family Bostrichoidea:
Surprising great family which they form plagues from long ago and without effect, single controls itself.

Anobiidae Family:
They are part of the terror of wood and furniture or you eat away, if, those small holes that see in the furniture little treated and you hoist damaged, in the nature collaborate with the recycled one of you hoist old or damaged and with the humans (badly called moth), make his August with worked dry wood and not treated, a bad belief is that if we covered the small holes or we varnished, the problem finishes, flagrant error, if you do not retire infected or movable wood, very possibly go to other furniture and return to begin, the best system is to put it in cold-storage chamber and solved subject, everything dies with cold, larvae, adults and eggs. They measure between 1.5 and 9 m/m, of brown red body, black coloured with fluffy dense or white, yellow or brown grudge, cylindrical body, when they rest, head this hidden in the lower of protorax and little visible part from above, antennas of 11 knuckles and filiform or sawed form, tarsal formulate: 5-5-5 knuckles, when they strike the wood to do gallery, can be listened to by the human and they are known them like "the clock of the death" by the damages that they cause.
In Europe 88 species in 25 genus exist.

SF. Anobiinae                                               SF. Dorcatominae
Oligomerus ptilinoides (Wollaton 1854)                  Dorcatoma chrysomelina (Sturm, 1837)

SF. Dryophilinae                                    SF. Ernobiinae
Grynobius planus (Fabricius, 1787)            Ernobius mollis (Linnaeus, 1758)

SF. Hedobiinae                                                        SF. Ptilininae
      Ptinomorphus imperialis (Linnaeus, 1767)         Ptilinus pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)

SF. Xyletininae
Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792)

Bostrichidae Family:
They are part of the terror of the furniture of the houses (badly called attacks of moth) and barns (they are lost on 10% of grains stored in the world), they can demolish a wood house or to destroy a gathered harvest complete if it is not controlled to them. The typical members of the Bostrichidae family are distinguished to have in general a dark coloration black coffee, the body is extended, cylindrical and prothorax in hood form of which the head projects by down. They measure from 2 to 20 m/m, antennas of 9 to 11 segments and one churn of 2 or 3 segments. The insertions of the antennas are exposed, procoxal cavity externally opened, mesocoxas contiguous to separated by more than 1 wide coxal, tarsal formulate 5-5-5 knuckles. Number of ventritos 5, and cylindrical to flattened, bald or pubescent. Head salient forwards and exposed in Lyctinae and Polycaoninae, united of belly and covered by above in Dinoderinae and Bostrichinae. Oval eyes. the mace of the antennas generally great and does not compact. Protibia frequently modified with teeth or long thorns and tarsus. In Europe 21 species in 14 genus exist.

SF. Bostrichinae                                                SF. Psoinae
Bostrychus capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758)              Psoa viennensis (Herbst, 1797)

SF. Dinoderinae                                                        SF. Lyctinae
Prostephanus truncatus (Horn, 1878)                        Lyctoxylon dentatum (Pascoe, 1866)

Dermestidae Family:
They are the terror of the Museums and Collections that contain organic substrates, they can destroy to literally great amounts of dry meats, dissected skins, insects, mummy and endless of natural materials like the wool, hair and other products. Usually they measure from 1.3 to 10 m/m, but their eggs are very small and until the collection this destroyed average, we did not notice it; in the nature they live on the flowers and they are not harmful, but when they smell of dry carrion, they detect them from very far, depositing eggs and the larvae do the rest incessantly, being multiplied incessantly while they have organic matter that to eat.
 They are of cleared form, antennas with 11 segments, claviforme or pectiniforme, or with a mace of 3 to 8 segments. Exposed antennas insertions, procoxal cavity externally opened, tarsal formula 5-5-5 knuckles. Number of ventritos 5. Widely made oval to oblong, hairy to squamous. Antennas and legs comply generally in depressions under the body, most of Dermestidae are relatively easy to distinguish by their characteristic form, cover of grudges and the presence of single ocellus average in the head. An exception is the Dermestes. The body of the derméstidae ones generally is compact, with excavations and cavities to lodge the antennas and legs to become dead when it is bothered to them.
In Europe 65 species in 12 genus exist.

        SF. Attageniinae                                    SF. Dermestinae
            Attagenus pellio (Linnaeus, 1758)        Dermestes gyllenhali (Castelnau, 1840)

       SF. Megatominae                                    SF. Orphilinae
      Anthrenus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758)       Orphilus subnitidus (Leconte, 1861)

              SF. Thylodriinae                                    SF. Trinodinae
     Thylodrias contractus (Motschulsky, 1839)   Trinodes insulanus (Zhantiev, 1988)

Ptinidae Family:
They are calls beetles the spider by its similarity, very they are united to the old humans in house, stables and warehouses, are not known because they do not form plagues, are fed on rest animals, dead wools, weaves, insects or dry, spices and products derived from the flour and prefer the night, although it is surprised to them of day in dark places. They measure from 1,5 to 5 m/m, of brown colour to reddish and most of species they have hairs in the later part, are dumpy almost always with the almost hidden head by I pronotice and its basic characteristics they are the long legs, antennas of 11 knuckles, filiform and narrow, they are species without wings, they have a so marked sexual dimorphism that the fan confuses them like different species, are not faciles to see and they are confused to them with the arañitas, in the nature this little extended, mainly in the nests of pajaros.
In Europe 33 species in 8 genus exist.

SF. Gibbinae                                                        SF. Ptininae
Gibbium psylloides (Czempinski, 1778)                Niptus hololeucus (Faldermann, 1836)

 

FUTURO COMENTARIO 15/04/2005

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